Type 1 Treatment

People with type 1 diabetes must have insulin injections to supplement the failing insulin production of their pancreas. Insulin is injected with a syringe or pen injector, or through an infusion device called an insulin pump.

There are also adjunct, or companion, treatments for type 1 diabetes that may be prescribed along with insulin. The injectable hormone pramlintide (Symlin) is taken with mealtime insulin to help avoid after-meal blood sugar spikes. In clinical studies, metformin, an oral medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has shown some promise as an adjunct therapy for type 1 diabetes as well, although this is considered an "off label" use of the drug.

Good nutrition, particularly careful monitoring of carbohydrate intake, and regular physical activity are also important "treatments" for controlling type 1 diabetes and preventing long-term complications. Regular blood sugar testing can help you monitor how your treatment routine is working.